Hi Umer,
First we should know about advantages of optical sensors to mechanical sensors.
What is significance of its use and also its application.
Fiber-optic sensing is an excellent solution to transmission loss and susceptibility to electromagnetic interference (noise).
a fiber-optic sensor works by modulating one or more properties of a propagating light wave,
including intensity, phase, polarization, and frequency, in response to the environmental
parameter being measured. Extrinsic (hybrid) optical sensors use the fiber only as a
mechanism to transmit light to and from a sensing element, while intrinsic optical sensors
use the optical fiber itself as the sensing element.
At the core of optical sensing technology is the optical fiber – a thin strand of glass that transmits light within its core.