- This topic has 3 replies, 2 voices, and was last updated 6 years, 10 months ago by .
- You must be logged in to reply to this topic.
Optiwave software can be used in different industries and applications, including Fiber Optic Communication, Sensing, Pharma/Bio, Military & Satcom, Test & Measurement, Fundamental Research, Solar Panels, Components / Devices, etc..
OptiSystem is a comprehensive software design suite that enables users to plan, test, and simulate optical links in the transmission layer of modern optical networks.
OptiInstrument addresses the needs of researchers, scientists, photonic engineers, professors and students who are working with instruments.
OptiSPICE is the first circuit design software for analysis of integrated circuits including interactions of optical and electronic components. It allows for the design and simulation of opto-electronic circuits at the transistor level, from laser drivers to transimpedance amplifiers, optical interconnects and electronic equalizers.
OptiFDTD is a powerful, highly integrated, and user friendly CAD environment that enables the design and simulation of advanced passive and non-linear photonic components.
OptiBPM is a comprehensive CAD environment used for the design of complex optical waveguides. Perform guiding, coupling, switching, splitting, multiplexing, and demultiplexing of optical signals in photonic devices.
The optimal design of a given optical communication system depends directly on the choice of fiber parameters. OptiFiber uses numerical mode solvers and other models specialized to fibers for calculating dispersion, losses, birefringence, and PMD.
Emerging as a de facto standard over the last decade, OptiGrating has delivered powerful and user friendly design software for modeling integrated and fiber optic devices that incorporate optical gratings.
Download our 30-day Free Evaluations, lab assignments, and other freeware here.Â
Optiwave software can be used in different industries and applications, including Fiber Optic Communication, Sensing, Pharma/Bio, Military & Satcom, Test & Measurement, Fundamental Research, Solar Panels, Components / Devices, etc..
OptiSystem is a comprehensive software design suite that enables users to plan, test, and simulate optical links in the transmission layer of modern optical networks.
OptiInstrument addresses the needs of researchers, scientists, photonic engineers, professors and students who are working with instruments.
OptiSPICE is the first circuit design software for analysis of integrated circuits including interactions of optical and electronic components. It allows for the design and simulation of opto-electronic circuits at the transistor level, from laser drivers to transimpedance amplifiers, optical interconnects and electronic equalizers.
OptiFDTD is a powerful, highly integrated, and user friendly CAD environment that enables the design and simulation of advanced passive and non-linear photonic components.
OptiBPM is a comprehensive CAD environment used for the design of complex optical waveguides. Perform guiding, coupling, switching, splitting, multiplexing, and demultiplexing of optical signals in photonic devices.
The optimal design of a given optical communication system depends directly on the choice of fiber parameters. OptiFiber uses numerical mode solvers and other models specialized to fibers for calculating dispersion, losses, birefringence, and PMD.
Emerging as a de facto standard over the last decade, OptiGrating has delivered powerful and user friendly design software for modeling integrated and fiber optic devices that incorporate optical gratings.
Download our 30-day Free Evaluations, lab assignments, and other freeware here.Â
Home › Forums › GENERAL › Relationship between Symbol error ratio (SER) and Bit error ratio (BER) for PA
What is the exact or approximate relationship between BER and SER for PAM-4 modulation? Please share the derivation or any related article.
Hello aadilqau,
in manula of OFDM demodulators, you can find the calculations and the procedures for BER and SER.
something like the following what is written below.
thanks
Mohamed Abouseif
/////////////
Decision, EVM and SER computation
Decision
The Decision block processes the I and Q channels by normalizing each channel to their respective m-PSK or m-QAM grid and performs a decision on each symbol based on normalized threshold settings.
EVM
Once the decision is made, the EVM is calculated as follows:
(5)
where S is the symbol sequence, indicates the mean value, and is the decision of S. The average EVM and EVM per subcarrier are shown in the results as well as graphed.
SER
The received signals (after decision) are compared with the originally transmitted symbols to count the symbol errors and calculate the SER
(6)
//////////////////
Dear Thanks for reply. I am unable to see equations. where can i fine these details?
check OFDM demodulators manual.
thanks
Mohamed