Multiple optical carrier generation by Directly Modulated Laser

[muhammad jawad]

Dear Friends
Hope you all will be fine
When a sinusoidal signal is applied to a directly modulated laser (DML), then multiple optical carriers may be generated.Please suggest me any relevant reference book or published paper containing the mathematical equations about generation of multiple optical signals when a sinusoidal signal is applied to to a DML for its direct modulation.
regards

[Ahmad Atieh]

Dear Muhammad,
when you directly modulate a laser with sinusoidal signal, you should expect to get sinusoidal signal at the output of the laser as long as you choose the bias and amplitude of the signal correctly, as well as the LI characteristic is linear. This implies that you should get single tone. Else, you may have many tones as the output signal is no more sinusoidal. I am attaching an image to show you the results when modulating the laser with correct settings.
Regards,
Ahmad

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